๐Ÿ“˜ TOEIC Part 5 ํ† ์ต๋ชจ์˜๊ณ ์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 30๋ฌธํ•ญ Vol.18 — ์ •๋‹ต & ํ•ด์„ค


๐Ÿ“˜ TOEIC Part 5 ํ† ์ต๋ชจ์˜๊ณ ์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 30๋ฌธํ•ญ Vol.18 — ์ •๋‹ต & ํ•ด์„ค 

✅ ์ •๋‹ตํ‘œ

1(C) 2(A) 3(B) 4(B) 5(C)
6(A) 7(C) 8(B) 9(B) 10(C)
11(B) 12(B) 13(B) 14(D) 15(B)
16(B) 17(A) 18(B) 19(C) 20(C)
21(A) 22(A) 23(B) 24(C) 25(D)
26(A) 27(B) 28(C) 29(C) 30(C)


1

The marketing director insisted that customer feedback ------- reviewed carefully before any major decisions were made.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) be

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: ์š”๊ตฌ/์ฃผ์žฅ ๋™์‚ฌ + that์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ํ˜„์žฌ, ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: insisted that + S + (should) + V์›ํ˜• / ์ˆ˜๋™์ด๋ฉด be + p.p.

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: reviewed(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ) ์•ž์— be๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์™„์„ฑ(= be reviewed)

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (A) is: ์ง์„ค๋ฒ• ํ˜„์žฌ → ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

    • (B) was: ์ง์„ค๋ฒ• ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ

    • (D) has been: ์™„๋ฃŒ์‹œ์ œ → ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ์›ํ˜• ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

  • ํ•ด์„: ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ด์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ณ ๊ฐ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: insist(๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅ/์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค), major decision(์ค‘์š” ๊ฒฐ์ •), be reviewed(๊ฒ€ํ† ๋˜๋‹ค)


2

Employees are encouraged to submit their travel expense reports ------- five business days after returning from a trip.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) within

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ(๊ธฐํ•œ) — within + ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: submit A within + ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: “์ถœ์žฅ ํ›„ ์˜์—…์ผ 5์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์—” = within

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (B) during: “~๋™์•ˆ” → ์ œ์ถœ ๊ธฐํ•œ(๋งˆ๊ฐ) ํ‘œํ˜„ ์•„๋‹˜

    • (C) toward: “~์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ

    • (D) beyond: “~์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ(์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ)” → ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€

  • ํ•ด์„: ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ์ถœ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ํ›„ ์˜์—…์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 5์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ถœ์žฅ๋น„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: encourage(๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค), expense report(๊ฒฝ๋น„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ), business day(์˜์—…์ผ)


3

The company postponed the product launch ------- several technical issues were resolved.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) until

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: postponed/delayed ~ until + ์ ˆ

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: postpone A until S+V

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: “๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถœ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ”

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (A) although: ์–‘๋ณด(๋น„๋ก~์ด์ง€๋งŒ) → ์—ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์  ํ‘œํ˜„ ์•„๋‹˜

    • (C) because: ์ด์œ  → “ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ธฐ”๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ์ด์ƒ

    • (D) whereas: ๋Œ€์กฐ

  • ํ•ด์„: ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ถœ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: postpone(์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค), resolve(ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค), technical issue(๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ)


4

A comprehensive ------- of the training program will be conducted at the end of the quarter.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) evaluation

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: ๊ด€์‚ฌ+ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋’ค ๋ช…์‚ฌ

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: A comprehensive + N + of

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: evaluation(ํ‰๊ฐ€) ๋ช…์‚ฌ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (A) evaluate: ๋™์‚ฌ

    • (C) evaluating: ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ/๋ถ„์‚ฌ → ‘a evaluating’ ๋น„๋ฌธ

    • (D) evaluated: ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ → ‘a evaluated of’ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

  • ํ•ด์„: ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ง์— ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: comprehensive(์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ), conduct(์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค), quarter(๋ถ„๊ธฐ)


5

The shipment arrived later than expected ------- severe weather conditions.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) due to

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: because vs because of vs due to (์ ˆ/๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„)

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: due to + ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ(์›์ธ)

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: severe weather conditions = ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (A) because: ๋’ค์— ์ ˆ ํ•„์š”(because S+V)

    • (B) despite: “~์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ” → ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ

    • (D) unless: ์กฐ๊ฑด

  • ํ•ด์„: ์•…์ฒœํ›„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: shipment(ํ™”๋ฌผ), severe(์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ), weather condition(๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ)


6

The new policy was implemented to ensure that safety standards are met ------- across all departments.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) consistently

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: ๋™์‚ฌ are met ์ˆ˜์‹ → ๋ถ€์‚ฌ

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: are met + (๋ถ€์‚ฌ)

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: consistently(์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ)๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ˆ˜์‹

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (B) consistent: ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ(๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์‹/๋ณด์–ด) → ๋™์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

    • (C) consistency: ๋ช…์‚ฌ

    • (D) consist: ๋™์‚ฌ

  • ํ•ด์„: ์ƒˆ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์„œ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜๋„๋ก ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: implement(์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค), standard(๊ธฐ์ค€), consistently(์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ)


7

The accounting team is responsible for ------- financial statements in accordance with company guidelines.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) preparing

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: be responsible for + ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: responsible for + ~ing

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: preparing์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (A) prepare: ์›ํ˜•

    • (B) prepared: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ/๋ถ„์‚ฌ

    • (D) preparation: ๋ช…์‚ฌ(์ฑ…์ž„ for “์ค€๋น„”๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด๋„, ํ† ์ต์€ ๋ณดํ†ต for + ~ing ์„ ํ˜ธ)

  • ํ•ด์„: ํšŒ๊ณ„ํŒ€์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ง€์นจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: financial statement(์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ), in accordance with(~์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ)


8

The consultant was hired ------- provide recommendations on improving workplace efficiency.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) to

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: to๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ(๋ชฉ์ ) vs for(์ „์น˜์‚ฌ)

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: was hired to + V

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: “~ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค” → to๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (A) for: ๋’ค์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ/๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ•„์š”(for providing)

    • (C) by: ํ–‰์œ„์ž(์ˆ˜๋™)

    • (D) with: ๋™๋ฐ˜/๋„๊ตฌ

  • ํ•ด์„: ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋Š” ์ง์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: recommendation(๊ถŒ๊ณ /์ œ์•ˆ), workplace efficiency(์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ)


9

The proposal was rejected ------- it failed to address several key budget concerns.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) because

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: because + ์ ˆ(์ด์œ )

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: failed(์ ˆ) = ์ด์œ ์ ˆ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (A) although: ์–‘๋ณด → “์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๋๋‹ค” ๋ถ€์ž์—ฐ

    • (C) unless: ์กฐ๊ฑด

    • (D) whereas: ๋Œ€์กฐ

  • ํ•ด์„: ๊ทธ ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: reject(๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค), address(๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋‹ค), concern(์šฐ๋ ค)


10

The updated manual includes instructions ------- explain how to operate the new equipment safely.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) that

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ(์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ instructions)

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: instructions + that + V(explain)

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: that์ด explain์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ์—ญํ• 

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (A) who: ์‚ฌ๋žŒ

    • (B) what: ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ ํฌํ•จ(๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊นจ์ง)

    • (D) where: ์žฅ์†Œ

  • ํ•ด์„: ๊ฐœ์ •๋œ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์—๋Š” ์ƒˆ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์นจ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: manual(๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ), operate(์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค), equipment(์žฅ๋น„)


11

Staff members should notify their supervisors ------- possible if they expect to be absent from work.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) as soon as

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: as soon as possible ๊ณ ์ •

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • (A) as far as: ~ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ/๋ฒ”์œ„

    • (C) as long as: ์กฐ๊ฑด

    • (D) as well as: ~๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ

  • ํ•ด์„: ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ทผ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: notify(์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค), supervisor(์ƒ์‚ฌ), absent(๊ฒฐ๊ทผํ•œ)


12

The customer service team responded ------- to complaints during the system outage.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) promptly

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ(๋™์‚ฌ responded ์ˆ˜์‹)

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ prompt(ํ˜•), promptness(๋ช…), prompting(๋ถ„์‚ฌ)

  • ํ•ด์„: ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์„œ๋น„์ŠคํŒ€์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์žฅ์•  ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์— ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ๋Œ€์‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: promptly(์‹ ์†ํžˆ), outage(์„œ๋น„์Šค ์žฅ์• )


13

The company plans to expand its operations ------- Southeast Asia next year.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) into

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: expand into + ์‹œ์žฅ/์ง€์—ญ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ among/between(๊ด€๊ณ„), beyond(์ดˆ๊ณผ)

  • ํ•ด์„: ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: expand(ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค), operations(์‚ฌ์—…/์šด์˜)


14

The audit confirmed that the company was fully ------- with all applicable regulations.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) compliant

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: be compliant with(์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค)

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • comply(๋™์‚ฌ) → was comply ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

    • complying(๋ถ„์‚ฌ) → ๋ณดํ†ต ‘was complying’๋„ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ “fully ___ with” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ compliant๊ฐ€ ๊ต์žฌ ์ •๋‹ต

    • compliance(๋ช…์‚ฌ)

  • ํ•ด์„: ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: applicable(ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š”), regulation(๊ทœ์ •)


15

The presentation was revised ------- reflect the most recent sales data.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) to

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: ๋ชฉ์  to๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ for(๋ช…์‚ฌ/๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ), by(์ˆ˜๋‹จ), with(๋™๋ฐ˜)

  • ํ•ด์„: ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ตœ์‹  ๋งค์ถœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: revise(์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค), reflect(๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค)


16

The meeting was canceled ------- several participants were unable to attend on short notice.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) because

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: because + ์ ˆ(์ด์œ )

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ although(์–‘๋ณด), until(์‹œ์ ), unless(์กฐ๊ฑด)

  • ํ•ด์„: ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐธ์„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: on short notice(๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ)


17

The training session aims to improve communication skills ------- encouraging active participation.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) by

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: by + ~ing = ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•/์ˆ˜๋‹จ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ for/with/among ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆ

  • ํ•ด์„: ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ต์œก์€ ์ ๊ทน์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์žฅ๋ คํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: aim to(~์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค), participation(์ฐธ์—ฌ)


18

The seminar was postponed ------- a lack of sufficient registrations.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) due to

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: due to + ๋ช…์‚ฌ(์›์ธ)

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ because(์ ˆ), although(์–‘๋ณด), until(์‹œ์ )

  • ํ•ด์„: ๋“ฑ๋ก ์ธ์›์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: postpone(์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค), registration(๋“ฑ๋ก)


19

The manager insisted that the report ------- submitted by the end of the day.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) be

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: insist that + ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ํ˜„์žฌ / ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: be submitted๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์™„์„ฑ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ is/was/has been(์ง์„ค๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ œ)

  • ํ•ด์„: ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์ผ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ์ถœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: submit(์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค), by the end of the day(์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•ˆ์—)


20

The revised policy applies to all employees, ------- their position within the organization.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) regardless of

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: regardless of = ~์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ because of(์›์ธ), instead of(๋Œ€์‹ ), apart from(์ œ์™ธ/๋ณ„๋„๋กœ)

  • ํ•ด์„: ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด ์ง์œ„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: apply to(~์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค), position(์ง์œ„)


21

A notice was posted to ------- staff members about changes to office security procedures.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) inform

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: to + ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜• / inform A about B

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: was posted to + V์›ํ˜•(๋ชฉ์ )

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • information: ๋ช…์‚ฌ

    • informing: ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ(์ „์น˜์‚ฌ to๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜)

    • informed: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ

  • ํ•ด์„: ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: post(๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค), security procedure(๋ณด์•ˆ ์ ˆ์ฐจ)


22

The project was completed ------- budget, even though several challenges were encountered during implementation.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) within

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: within budget(์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋‚ด) + even though(์–‘๋ณด)

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: “์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋‚ด ์™„๋ฃŒ”๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • across: ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ(๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ)

    • toward: ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ

    • beyond: ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ดˆ๊ณผ → ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€

  • ํ•ด์„: ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: encounter(๊ฒช๋‹ค), implementation(์‹คํ–‰)


23

The applicant was chosen ------- her extensive experience in project management.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) because of

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: because of + ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ(์›์ธ)

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • because: ์ ˆ ํ•„์š”

    • although: ์–‘๋ณด

    • unless: ์กฐ๊ฑด

  • ํ•ด์„: ์ง€์›์ž๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: extensive(ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ), project management(ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ)


24

The IT department worked overtime ------- the network upgrade could be finished on schedule.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) so that

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: so that + ์ ˆ(๋ชฉ์ )

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • even if: ์–‘๋ณด/๊ฐ€์ •

    • unless: ์กฐ๊ฑด

    • whereas: ๋Œ€์กฐ

  • ํ•ด์„: IT ๋ถ€์„œ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •๋Œ€๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋„๋ก ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: overtime(์ดˆ๊ณผ๊ทผ๋ฌด), on schedule(์ผ์ •๋Œ€๋กœ)


25

The report includes data ------- were collected from multiple international offices.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) that

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ(์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ data)

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: data + that + were collected(์ˆ˜๋™)

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • who: ์‚ฌ๋žŒ

    • what: ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ ํฌํ•จ(๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€)

    • where: ์žฅ์†Œ

  • ํ•ด์„: ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด์™ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: collect(์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋‹ค), international office(ํ•ด์™ธ ์ง€์‚ฌ)


26

The assistant was asked to prepare materials ------- the orientation session scheduled for next week.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) for

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: prepare/arrange A for B

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ with(๋™๋ฐ˜), at(์žฅ์†Œ/์‹œ๊ฐ„), in(์žฅ์†Œ/๋ฒ”์œ„)

  • ํ•ด์„: ๋ณด์กฐ ์ง์›์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: orientation session(์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—”ํ…Œ์ด์…˜)


27

The company introduced remote work options ------- employee productivity had declined over the past year.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) because

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: because + ์ ˆ(๋„์ž… ์ด์œ ), ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ผํ™”

  • ์ •๋‹ต ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ: ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ•˜๋ฝ(์›์ธ) → ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋„์ž…(๋Œ€์‘ ์กฐ์น˜)

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • although: “ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„์ž…”์€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง(์˜๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…)

    • until: ์‹œ์ 

    • whereas: ๋Œ€์กฐ

  • ํ•ด์„: ์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: introduce(๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค), remote work(์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด), productivity(์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ)


28

The contract was approved after it had been ------- by the legal department.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) reviewed

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: had been + p.p. (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜๋™)

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • review: ์›ํ˜•/๋ช…์‚ฌ

    • reviewing: ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ/ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ

    • reviewer: ์‚ฌ๋žŒ

  • ํ•ด์„: ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฌด ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: legal department(๋ฒ•๋ฌดํŒ€), approve(์Šน์ธํ•˜๋‹ค)


29

The supervisor stressed the importance of accuracy while ------- multiple reports under tight deadlines.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) managing

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: while + ~ing(๋™์‹œ ์ƒํ™ฉ), ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • managed: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ(๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊นจ์ง)

    • manage: ์›ํ˜•(while ๋’ค ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆ)

    • management: ๋ช…์‚ฌ

  • ํ•ด์„: ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด‰๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋งˆ๊ฐ ์†์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: stress(๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค), tight deadline(์ด‰๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋งˆ๊ฐ)


30

The final schedule will be announced ------- all departments have confirmed their availability.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) after

  • ์ถœ์ œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: after + ์™„๋ฃŒ(ํ™•์ •) → ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ

  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„: will be announced(๋ฏธ๋ž˜) + after + have confirmed(์™„๋ฃŒ)

  • ์˜ค๋‹ต ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

    • before: ํ™•์ธ ์ „ ๋ฐœํ‘œ(๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€)

    • during: ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘

    • until: “~๊นŒ์ง€”๋Š” ‘๋ฐœํ‘œ ์‹œ์ ’ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์–ด์ƒ‰

  • ํ•ด์„: ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ํ›„ ์ตœ์ข… ์ผ์ •์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

  • ์ถ”์ฒœ์–ดํœ˜: availability(๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€), confirm(ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค), announce(๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋‹ค)



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