๐Ÿ“˜ TOEIC Part 5 ๋ฌธ์ œ 30๋ฌธํ•ญ Vol.58– ํ† ์ต ํŒŒํŠธ5 ์‹ค์ „ ๋ชจ์˜๊ณ ์‚ฌ (์ •๋‹ตํฌํ•จ)

๐Ÿ“Œ ํ•™์Šต ์•ˆ๋‚ด

ํ† ์ต RC ํŒŒํŠธ5 ์œ ํ˜•(์–ดํœ˜, ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ/์ ‘์†์‚ฌ)์„ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹ค์ „ ์—ฐ์Šต๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ •๋‹ต ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด์„ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ’€์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜ ์ฑ„์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

๐Ÿ“ PART 5 — Incomplete Sentences (๋ฌธ์žฅ ์™„์„ฑ)
Directions: A word or phrase is missing in each of the sentences below. Four answer choices are given below each sentence. Select the best answer to complete the sentence. Then mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet.
101
Alderton Capital will launch ------- new transport infrastructure fund next year, targeting toll roads, rail networks, and airport assets across Europe.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) its — ๋ช…์‚ฌ new transport infrastructure fund๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. its(๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. it๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ/๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ, itself๋Š” ์žฌ๊ท€๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ, it's๋Š” "it is"์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102
Briarwood Legal has been ------- with drafting the concession agreement and security documents for the new airport terminal expansion project.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) charged — has been ——— with ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ(have been + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ)๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. be charged with(~์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค)๋Š” ํ† ์ต ๋นˆ์ถœ ์ˆ™์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. charge๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•/๋ช…์‚ฌ, charging์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, chargeable์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103
Castleford Capital ------- a controlling stake in a regional fibre network operator last quarter, expanding its digital infrastructure portfolio.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) acquired — ์ฃผ์–ด(Castleford Capital) ๋’ค ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฉฐ last quarter๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์  ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• acquired๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. acquire๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•, acquiring์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ(๋‹จ๋… ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€), acquisition์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104
Dunmore Engineering was awarded the offshore platform contract ------- its fabrication capability, safety record, and competitive delivery schedule.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) on the basis of — "์ œ์ž‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹ค์ , ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜์ฃผํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ on the basis of(~์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. even though·now that·so that์€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105
Eastfield Digital's analytics platform has been ------- adopted by asset managers seeking real-time visibility into infrastructure performance metrics.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) rapidly — ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ตฌ(has been adopted)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. rapidly adopted(๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. rapid๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, rapidity๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ, more rapid๋Š” ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106
Fenwick Capital will not complete the acquisition ------- the competition authority has granted unconditional clearance for the proposed transaction.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) until — "๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ until(~ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€)์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. owing to·despite·because of๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ ˆ ์•ž์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107
Greyfield Infrastructure recommends that all site managers ------- a daily safety walkdown before any high-risk activities begin on the construction site.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) conduct — recommends that ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋‹น์œ„·์š”๊ตฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ that์ ˆ์— 「(should +) ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•」์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด all site managers์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜• conduct๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. conducts๋Š” 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ง์„ค๋ฒ•, conducted๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•, conducting์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108
Holmwood Capital has built a ------- origination network by maintaining direct relationships with developers across the European renewable energy market.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) proprietary — a ——— origination network ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ network๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. proprietary(๋…์ ์ ์ธ, ์ž์ฒด ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. proprietarily๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ, proprietor๋Š” "์†Œ์œ ์ž"์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ, proprietorship์€ "์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ"์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
109
Moorgate Renewables ------- a fifteen-year power purchase agreement with a data centre operator last month for its new solar farm output.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) sealed — ์ฃผ์–ด(Moorgate Renewables) ๋’ค ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฉฐ last month๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์  ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• sealed๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. seal์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•, sealing์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ(๋‹จ๋… ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€), sealant๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110
Northside Precision's new additive manufacturing cell is ------- capable of producing complex titanium components that traditional machining cannot achieve.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) uniquely — ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ capable์„ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. uniquely capable(๋…๋ณด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ)์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. unique๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, uniqueness๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ, uniquify๋Š” ์˜์–ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111
Saltfield Analytics is currently ------- a machine-learning model to optimise maintenance scheduling for large wind turbine fleets across multiple sites.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) developing — is currently ——— ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•(be + -ing)์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. developing(๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”)์ด ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. develop์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•, developed๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•/๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, development๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112
Alderton Engineering was selected as preferred marine contractor ------- its specialist heavy-lift vessel fleet and experience on comparable offshore projects.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) on account of — "์ „๋ฌธ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋ฌผ ์šด๋ฐ˜ ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋ณด์œ ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌ ํ•ด์ƒ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์šฐ์„  ํ•ด์–‘ ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋๋‹ค"๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ on account of(~ ๋•๋ถ„์—)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. although·now that·as long as๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113
Briarwood Capital briefed ------- on the revised fund structure before the advisory committee met to approve the proposed amendments.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) them — briefed์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. they๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ, their๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ, theirs๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114
Castleford Power mandates that all relay protection settings ------- against the approved coordination study before any new circuit is energised.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) be verified — mandates that ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋‹น์œ„·์š”๊ตฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ that์ ˆ์— ์ˆ˜๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 「(should +) be + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ」๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์„ค์ •์€ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™ be verified๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. verify๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™ ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•, verifying์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, are verified๋Š” ์ง์„ค๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115
Dunmore Capital will close ------- new energy storage fund in the second quarter of next year, having secured anchor commitments from three pension funds.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) its — ๋ช…์‚ฌ new energy storage fund๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. its(๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. it๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ/๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ, itself๋Š” ์žฌ๊ท€๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ, it's๋Š” "it is"์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116
Eastfield Precision's new inspection cell has ------- shortened the verification time for complex aerospace components, raising overall plant throughput.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) dramatically — ๋™์‚ฌ shortened๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. dramatically(๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋Œ€ํญ)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. drama๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ, dramatic์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, dramatize๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117
Fenwick Capital ------- a definitive sale agreement to exit its stake in a regional water utility last quarter, realising a strong return.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) executed — ์ฃผ์–ด(Fenwick Capital) ๋’ค ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฉฐ last quarter๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์  ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• executed๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. execute๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•, executing์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ(๋‹จ๋… ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€), executor๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118
Greyfield Renewables will begin construction of the solar farm ------- the grid connection agreement and all planning consents have been finalised.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) once — "๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ •๋˜๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ once(~ํ•˜๋ฉด)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. despite·owing to·in spite of๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ ˆ ์•ž์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119
Holmwood Capital's new secondaries fund is ------- enough to acquire both minority interests in mature funds and direct stakes in operating assets.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) versatile — is ——— enough to ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ be๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค ๋ณด์–ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. versatile(๋‹ค๋ชฉ์ ์˜, ๋‹ค์žฌ๋‹ค๋Šฅํ•œ)์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. versatiley๋Š” ๋น„ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ, versatility๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ, versatilize๋Š” ์˜์–ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120
Moorgate Pharma stipulates that all environmental monitoring samples ------- by the microbiology team within twenty-four hours of collection from the cleanroom.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) be processed — stipulates that ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋‹น์œ„·์š”๊ตฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ that์ ˆ์— ์ˆ˜๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 「(should +) be + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ」๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™ be processed๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. process๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™ ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•, processing์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, are processed๋Š” ์ง์„ค๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121
Northside Capital has ------- a strategic partnership with a regional bank to co-finance mid-market infrastructure projects across the region.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) forged — has ——— ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ(have + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ)๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. forged(๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ณต๊ณ ํžˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค)๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. forge๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•, forging์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, forgery๋Š” "์œ„์กฐ"์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122
Saltfield Advisory was shortlisted for the fund management mandate ------- its strong performance record and its experienced infrastructure investment team.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) in view of — "๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํˆฌ์žํŒ€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข… ํ›„๋ณด์— ์„ ์ •๋๋‹ค"๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ in view of(~์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. although·now that·so that์€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123
Alderton Capital invited ------- to join the investment committee meeting where the new acquisition pipeline was presented to senior partners.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) him — invited์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. he๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ, his๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ, himself๋Š” ์žฌ๊ท€๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124
Briarwood Advisory has been ------- by the lender group to provide independent market advisory services throughout the project's financing process.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) retained — has been ——— by ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ(have been + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ)๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. be retained by(~์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ ์ž„๋˜๋‹ค)์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ retained๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. retain์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•, retaining์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, retention์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125
Castleford Precision ------- a long-term supply agreement with an aerospace prime last week for precision-machined engine mounting components.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) clinched — ์ฃผ์–ด(Castleford Precision) ๋’ค ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฉฐ last week๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์  ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• clinched๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. clinch๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•, clinching์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ(๋‹จ๋… ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€), clincher๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126
Dunmore Capital will not release the final tranche ------- the independent engineer certifies that the construction milestone has been fully achieved.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) unless — "๋…๋ฆฝ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋งˆ์ผ์Šคํ†ค์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋์Œ์„ ์ธ์ฆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ตœ์ข… ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ถ€์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ unless(~ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. owing to·alongside·due to๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ ˆ ์•ž์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127
Eastfield Engineering's cable jointing method has been ------- recognised by grid operators as a faster, more reliable alternative to conventional techniques.
์ •๋‹ต: (C) widely — ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ตฌ(has been recognised)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. widely recognised(๋„๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๋Š”)๋Š” ํ† ์ต ๋นˆ์ถœ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. wide๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, wideness๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ, widen์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128
Fenwick Capital has adopted a ------- approach to risk management, embedding rigorous stress testing into every stage of the investment decision process.
์ •๋‹ต: (B) systematic — a ——— approach ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ approach๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. systematic(์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ)์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. systematically๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ, systematize๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ, system์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129
Greyfield Engineering has been ------- with carrying out the structural design review for the new floating wind turbine foundation programme.
์ •๋‹ต: (A) tasked — has been ——— with ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ(have been + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ)๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. be tasked with(~ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋งก๋‹ค)๋Š” ํ† ์ต ๋นˆ์ถœ ์ˆ™์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. task๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•/๋ช…์‚ฌ, tasking์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, taskful์€ ์˜์–ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130
Holmwood Advisory was appointed as lead arranger for the syndicated facility ------- its deep lender relationships and proven structuring expertise.
์ •๋‹ต: (D) by virtue of — "๊นŠ์€ ๋Œ€์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์„ ์ž„๋๋‹ค"๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ by virtue of(~ ๋•๋ถ„์—)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. even though·now that·so that์€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์˜ค๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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